Showing posts sorted by relevance for query label:Paradigm. Sort by date Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by relevance for query label:Paradigm. Sort by date Show all posts

October 11, 2016

The road that turned out to be a blind alley

Comment on David Glasner on ‘Rational Expectations, or, The Road to Incoherence’

Blog-Reference

A paradigm is defined by its axioms. Orthodox economics is built upon this set of foundational hardcore propositions: “HC1 economic agents have preferences over outcomes; HC2 agents individually optimize subject to constraints; HC3 agent choice is manifest in interrelated markets; HC4 agents have full relevant knowledge; HC5 observable outcomes are coordinated, and must be discussed with reference to  equilibrium states.” (Weintraub, 1985)

The representative economist has not realized it but methodologically these premises are forever unacceptable. It should be pretty obvious that the neo-Walrasian hardcore contains THREE NONENTITIES: (i) constrained optimization HC2, (ii) rational expectations HC4, and (iii) equilibrium HC5.

Nowadays, all scientists agree that angels, phlogiston, epicycles, Superman, and the Easter Bunny are NONENTITIES. As far as economics is concerned we can agree that utility, constrained optimization, intertemporal optimization, rational expectation, well-behaved production functions or supply-demand-equilibrium are NONENTITIES just like the Easter Bunny. Every model that contains a NONENTITY is a priory false. In practical terms: as soon as the word equilibrium/disequilibrium appears in an economic paper it can be thrown into the wastebasket. The same holds for all other NONENTITIES.

The discussion of models that contain NONENTITIES is vacuous. Nick Rowe, J. W. Mason, and David Glasner resemble medieval witch hunters who exchange their opinions about the difference between incubus and succubus.

Rethinking economics means discarding the failed paradigms and fully replacing Walrasian microfoundations and Keynes’ flawed macrofoundations with something better which has to be entirely free of NONENTITIES. As Romer has recognized, with DSGE, economics has hit the wall at the end of the blind alley.

Egmont Kakarot-Handtke


For details of the big picture see cross-references Failed/Fake Scientists and cross-references Paradigm Shift.

***
REPLY to Anonymous on Oct 14

I have proven#1 that:
― Walrasian microfoundations are materially/formally inconsistent for 150+ years,
― Keynesian macrofoundations are materially/formally inconsistent for 80+ years.

From this follows:
― economics is a failed science,
― economists are incompetent scientists.

Refute it or retire.

#1 For details see the blog

March 19, 2015

Vacuonomics I

Comment on Simon Wren-Lewis on ‘Is the Walrasian Auctioneer microfounded?’

Blog-Reference*

With a modicum of scientific intuition and after a deeper look into the matter everyone arrives with logical necessity at the following conclusion: “At long last, it can be said that the history of general equilibrium theory from Walras to Arrow-Debreu has been a journey down a blind alley, and it is historians of economic thought who seem to have finally hammered down the nails in this coffin. ... General equilibrium theory is simply a research program that has run into the sands.” (Blaug, 2001, p. 160)

Clearly, general equilibrium and all its offshoots and variants are unacceptable. Why is the Walrasian approach applied nonetheless? Because economists are not only without scientific intuition they are also ignorant of scientific standards: “In economics we should strive to proceed, wherever we can, exactly according to the standards of the other, more advanced, sciences, where it is not possible, once an issue has been decided, to continue to write about it as if nothing had happened.” (Morgenstern, 1941, pp. 369-370)

The third reason is the obvious lack of imagination, that is, of some hunch of a promising alternative approach: “There is another alternative: to formulate a completely new research program and conceptual approach. As we have seen, this is often spoken of, but there is still no indication of what it might mean.” (Ingrao and Israel, 1990, p. 362)

For lack of a promising alternative research program the representative economist simply clings to the familiar utility-demand-supply-equilibrium core —  always open and prepared, of course, for more realism or some fancy facelift.

To be sure, in his time Keynes was one big step ahead. He realized that something was wrong with the orthodox approach. With admirable consequence, he took a different route and formulated the foundational syllogism of macroeconomics: “Income = value of output = consumption + investment. Saving = income − consumption. Therefore saving = investment.” (1973, p. 63)

Since theories have an architectonic structure it is clear that if there is a fault in the formal foundations the whole superstructure of the theory is false. Actually, the fault in Keynes' syllogism is in the premise income = value of output. This equality holds only in the limiting case of zero profit in both the consumption and investment goods industry (2014).

Profit does not appear in Keynes' elementary formalism. That is, he in effect talks about a market economy without profit. Note well that Walras' original economy was also a zero-profit economy. No such thing existed ever on this planet: “Rather surprisingly, therefore, the nature of profits remains something of a mystery in contemporary economics; indeed, in the realm of ‘advanced’ theory —  namely the perfectly competitive general equilibrium models —  profits have disappeared altogether.” (Obrinsky, 1981, p. 491)

Neither New Classicals nor New Keynesians provide a consistent description of the market economy. The representative economist is intensely involved in discussions about nonentities like equilibrium, auctioneers, intertemporal optimization, rational expectation, real exchange, and other features of his economic Disneyworld. Yet he has not the slightest idea about what profit really is.

“Suffice it to say that, in my opinion, what we presently possess by way of so-called pure economic theory is objectively indistinguishable from what the physicist Richard Feynman, in an unflattering sketch of nonsense ‘science,’ called ‘cargo cult science’.” (Clower, 1994, p. 809)

There can be no microfoundation of macroeconomics because microeconomics is itself unfounded. In technical terms: the behavioral axioms of microeconomics and macroeconomics are unacceptable.

“Cunningham in 1891 remarked that in the choice of premises ‘it is not always easy to tell when a professor of the dismal science is making a joke’ and I suspect that Cunningham meant that if the professor was not joking, then he was making a fool of himself.” (Viner, 1963, p. 12)

Time to leave the auctioneer and all the jokes and fools behind and to make economics a science.

Egmont Kakarot-Handtke


References
Blaug, M. (2001). No History of Ideas, Please, We’re Economists. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(1): 145–164.
Clower, R. W. (1994). Economics as an Inductive Science. Southern Economic Journal, 60(4): 805–814.
Ingrao, B., and Israel, G. (1990). The Invisible Hand. Economic Equilibrium in the History of Science. Cambridge, London: MIT Press.
Kakarot-Handtke, E. (2014). The Three Fatal Mistakes of Yesterday Economics: Profit, I=S, Employment. SSRN Working Paper Series, 2489792: 1–13. URL
Keynes, J. M. (1973). The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money. The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes Vol. VII. London, Basingstoke: Macmillan. (1936).
Morgenstern, O. (1941). Professor Hicks on Value and Capital. Journal of Political Economy, 49(3): 361–393. URL
Obrinsky, M. (1981). The Profit Prophets. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 3(4): 491–502. URL
Viner, J. (1963). The Economist in History. American Economic Review, 53(2): 1–22. URL

* Post on mainly macro has been shortened because of space restrictions.

May 13, 2016

Neo-Paleo-Stupidicism

Comment on Roger Farmer on ‘Neo-Paleo-Keynesianism: A suggested definition’

Blog-Reference

Science was there before economics was there. Economists either conform to well-defined scientific standards or they are outside of science: they are in NO position to redefine scientific criteria. This, though, is what they regularly attempt to do. Roger Farmer’s featured post is a case in point.

Because economics — as represented by the four failed sects Walrasians, Keynesians, Marxians, and Austrians — has never risen above the level of a proto-science it has become popular among economists to question the standards, to lower them, or, as Blaug put it, ‘to play tennis with the net down’. Hence, economists are very receptive to methodological soft-pedaling like anything-goes (Feyerabend), economics is not a Science with a capital S (Solow), economics is an inexact and separate science (Hausman/J. S. Mill), pluralism of false theories or nobody-knows-anything (Heterodoxy), or Lakatosian replacement of scientific true/false by opportunistic like/dislike.

The scientific method is well-defined by formal and material consistency (Klant, 1994, p. 31). Logical consistency is secured by applying the axiomatic-deductive method and empirical consistency is secured by applying state-of-the-art testing. To secure both consistencies is a tough job and it is in no way predetermined how the general methodological principle applies at the cutting edge of research. To figure this out is the creative scientific achievement.

Economics fails on both counts: the axiomatic foundations are provably false and, as a consequence, testing is regularly inconclusive. So, the four economic sects have happily established themselves in the swamp between true and false where ‘nothing is clear and everything is possible’ (Keynes).

Standard economics is built upon this set of foundational propositions, a.k.a. axioms: “HC1 economic agents have preferences over outcomes; HC2 agents individually optimize subject to constraints; HC3 agent choice is manifest in interrelated markets; HC4 agents have full relevant knowledge; HC5 observable outcomes are coordinated, and must be discussed with reference to equilibrium states.” (Weintraub, 1985, p. 147)

Methodologically, these premises are forever unacceptable but economists swallowed them hook, line and sinker from Jevons/Walras/Menger onward to DSGE. The failure of methodological individualism as embodied in HC1|HC5 is indisputable. NOT ONE axiom is acceptable.

Because of this, the microfoundations approach has already been dead in the cradle more than 140 years ago. Have economists realized this? Forget it! Krugman put it thus: “… most of what I and many others do is sorta-kinda neoclassical because it takes the maximization-and-equilibrium world as a starting point”.

Get this: ALL models that contain maximization-and-equilibrium in any shape or form are a priori unacceptable. Post-Keynesianism is different but in no way better.#1 This leaves only one option. As Joan Robinson put it: “Scrap the lot and start again.”

Roger Farmer asks: “How can we recover this idea, without discarding three hundred years of microeconomic principles?“ Wrong question. Sticking to these principles is as good as sticking to the flat-earth principle, that is, it is a reliable indicator of scientific incompetence.

The failure of economics requires a paradigm shift. Nothing less will do. Roger Farmer instead teams up with a zombie: “The neo-paleo-Keynesian research program is unashamedly neo-classical.” But it gets worse. Who is Roger Farmer’s ideal economist? “Keynes was notorious for changing his views on a daily basis and was said to be capable of holding several conflicting opinions at the same time.” Allais called this “insuffisance logique” (1993, p. 70) which unceremoniously translates into stupidity (see also 2013).

Egmont Kakarot-Handtke


References
Allais, M. (1993). Les Fondements Comptable de la Macro-Économie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2nd edition.
Kakarot-Handtke, E. (2013). Confused Confusers: How to Stop Thinking Like an Economist and Start Thinking Like a Scientist. SSRN Working Paper Series, 2207598: 1–16. URL
Klant, J. J. (1994). The Nature of Economic Thought. Aldershot, Brookfield: Edward Elgar.
Weintraub, E. R. (1985). Joan Robinson’s Critique of Equilibrium: An Appraisal. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 75(2): 146–149. URL

#1 From microfoundations to macrofoundations

May 10, 2017

The tragicomedy of Heterodoxy

Comment on Lars Syll on ‘The tragedy of pseudoscientific and self-defeatingly arrogant economics’

Blog-Reference and Blog-Reference

Lars Syll reminds us that back in 1991 a commission of well-respected economists reported that “… graduate programs may be turning out a generation with too many idiot savants skilled in technique but innocent of real economic issues.”

The well-respected economists (Krueger, Arrow, Leamer, Stiglitz et al.) were themselves participants in one of the most annoying failures in the history of the sciences ― idiots savants instead of scientists.

“Science is a process that does lead to a broadly shared consensus. It is arguably the only social process that does. Consensus forms around theoretical and empirical statements that are true.” (Romer)

This did and does not happen in economics because the representative economist is an incompetent scientist. Incompetence comes in two forms. This is due to the fact that scientific research consists of two essential and inseparably linked elements: “Research is in fact a continuous discussion of the consistency of theories: formal consistency insofar as the discussion relates to the logical cohesion of what is asserted in joint theories; material consistency insofar as the agreement of observations with theories is concerned.” (Klant)

Formal consistency is established by the axiomatic-deductive method. Material consistency is established by state-of-the-art testing. Accordingly, the incompetence of economists consists of two blunders: (i) of vacuous theory, and (ii), of blind application of statistical tools to poorly defined data sets.

From the undeniable fact that economists have messed up both elements of science cannot be concluded that scientific methodology does not apply to economics or, as J. S. Mill put it, that economics is a ‘separate’ science. There is no such thing. There are only science and non-science.#1

To this day, economics belongs to the category of what Feynman called cargo cult science, that is, the outer appearance is perfect but somehow it simply does not work. Theory is vacuous without empirical content, data analysis is blind without guidance from theory.

Despite all the political sound and fury, there is no real difference between Walrasians, Keynesians, Marxians, or Austrians. All these approaches fail to satisfy the two criteria of science. The tragedy of Heterodoxy is that it is well aware of all blunders but that it has no idea of how to get out of the proto-scientific cul-de-sac.

Debunking Orthodoxy is good, yet a Paradigm Shift is better: “The moral of the story is simply this: it takes a new theory, and not just the destructive exposure of assumptions or the collection of new facts, to beat an old theory.” (Blaug)

There is nothing to choose between obsolete-arrogant Orthodoxy and clueless-humble Heterodoxy. Both are destined for the wastebasket. The Paradigm Shift is overdue.#2

Egmont Kakarot-Handtke


#1 Failed economics: The losers’ long list of lame excuses
#2 For detail of the big picture see cross-references Paradigm Shift

October 2, 2015

Clueless at the dead spot

Comment on Thornton Hall on ‘Deductivism — the original sin of ‘modern’ economics’

Blog-Reference

There can be no disagreement about the plain fact that standard economics as codified in peer-reviewed texts is a failed approach. This leaves every serious student of economics with the question of how to deal with the mess. Orthodoxy frankly admits its weaknesses and is open to improvements — within the given paradigm, that is. And this is the crux. Corrections at the margin are not sufficient when the paradigm itself is methodologically defective.

“There is another alternative: to formulate a completely new research program and conceptual approach. As we have seen, this is often spoken of, but there is still no indication of what it might mean.” (Ingrao et al, 1990, p. 362)

From the perspective of Heterodoxy, the situation is this: “... there is more agreement on the defects of orthodox theory than there is on what theory is to replace it: but all agreed that the point of the criticism is to clear the ground for construction.” (Nell, 1980, p. 1)

Or, as Keynes famously summed up the most devastating empirical refutation ever: “... there is no remedy except ... to work out a non-Euclidean geometry. Something similar is required to-day in economics. (Keynes, 1973, p. 16)

Yet, the inevitable Paradigm Shift has not happened until this very day. Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy consist of a heap of models that do not satisfy the scientific criteria of formal and material consistency.

Economics is still at the proto-scientific level. The last thing needed is methodological shoptalk. For Heterodoxy there is only one way to demonstrate superiority: “Doubtless, the most effectual mode of showing how the sciences ... may be constructed, would be to construct them ...” (J. S. Mill, 2006, p. 834)#1

Everything else is a continuation of the silly filibuster with which economists have much too long degraded their discipline.

Egmont Kakarot-Handtke


References
Ingrao, B., and Israel, G. (1990). The Invisible Hand. Economic Equilibrium in the History of Science. Cambridge, London: MIT Press.
Keynes, J. M. (1973). The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money. The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes Vol. VII. London, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Mill, J. S. (2006). A System of Logic Ratiocinative and Inductive. Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence and the Methods of Scientific Investigation, Vol. 8 of Collected Works of John Stuart Mill. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
Nell, E. J. (1980). Growth, Profits, and Property, chapter Cracks in the Neoclassical Mirror: On the Break-Up of a Vision, 1–16. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.

#1 For a start see cross-references New Curriculum

Preceding How Orthodoxy buffaloed Heterodoxy

September 7, 2023

February 20, 2025

Occasional Xs: Paradigm Shift (LIX)

 

June 20, 2018

Nietzsche, entropy, full employment, and NO class war

Comment on David Ruccio on ‘Utopia and work’

Blog-Reference

David Ruccio resumes: “The goal of mainstream economists is to get everybody to work. As a result, they celebrate capitalism for creating full employment — and worry that capitalism will falter if not enough people are working.” However, philosophers have long been aware that full employment is not such a good idea: “According to Friedrich Nietzsche …, the dignity of labor was invented as one of the ‘needy products of slavedom hiding itself from itself.’ That’s because, in Nietzsche’s view (following the Greeks), labor is only a ‘painful means’ for existence and existence (as against art) has no value in itself. Therefore, ‘labour is a disgrace’.”

Let us, first of all, take folk psychology out of the issue. Labor must be seen against the background of entropy. Entropy brings humans eventually down to zero. The intake of goods, energy, etcetera slows this process down. The production of goods, though, requires labor input.

Imagine the following initial state. Every living person gets a plot of land in the form of a hexagon. This land delivers all that the person needs. We can put as many hexagons together as we like. Hexagonland is large and symmetrical. There is no scarcity of land or resources. Each occupant works Li=9 hours per day, has 1 hour leisure, and needs 14 hours for regeneration. The necessary and sufficient output is Oi per day. There is no boss, no exploitation, no slavedom, no government. Whether the Hexagonians think that labor is a disgrace is a matter of indifference. If they stop working, they produce no output, entropy takes over and they drop dead in a little while. This is the original material human condition. Labor is a means to counteract entropy. Without external limitations or disturbances, it can go on for an indefinite time.

Now, we switch to the monetary economy. The elementary production-consumption economy is given with this set of macroeconomic axioms: (A0) The objectively given and most elementary systemic configuration consists of the household and the business sector which in turn consists initially of one giant fully integrated firm. (A1) Yw=WL wage income Yw is equal to wage rate W times working hours L, (A2) O=RL output O is equal to productivity R times working hours L, (A3) C=PX consumption expenditure C is equal to price P times quantity bought/sold X.

Under the conditions of market clearing X=O and budget balancing C=Yw in each period, the price is given as P=W/R (1), i.e. the market clearing price is always equal to unit wage costs. This is the most elementary form of the macroeconomic Law of Supply and Demand.

From (1) follows the real wage as W/P=R (2). The output of the i-th worker is Oi=RLi. For a start, it is assumed that individual labor time Li and output Oi are exactly identical to the situation in Hexagonland. Up to this point, the material situation of the people of Hexagonland has not changed. What has changed is that they work in a firm, get an income, and spend it for consumption goods.

The graphical representation of the elementary production-consumption economy is shown on Wikimedia.#1


Monetary profit of the business sector is defined as Qm≡C−Yw and monetary saving of the household sector is defined as Sm≡Yw−C. It always holds Qm+Sm=0, or Qm=−Sm, in other words, the business sector’s surplus = profit equals the household sector’s deficit = dissaving. Vice versa, the business sector’s deficit = loss equals the household sector’s surplus = saving. This is the most elementary form of the macroeconomic Profit Law. Under the condition of budget balancing C=Yw total monetary profit is zero.

So, profit of the business sector is zero, the workers get the whole output O, the real wage is equal to the productivity.

Now, the organization of the production process is improved through the division of labor and the productivity increases. With unchanged individual and total labor time, total output O increases. The market clearing price falls according to (1) and the real wage increases according to (2). The profit of the business sector is still zero because of C=Yw.

From the observer standpoint, the economy has two limiting paths open, (i) individual labor time Li is kept unchanged and output Oi increases, or (ii), output Oi is kept constant and labor time Li is reduced. If productivity is increasing over time, individual labor time Li goes asymptotically to zero.

Let us call this the Diogenes Solution. Curiously, Nietzsche, when he speaks of  ‘the’ Greeks in the preface to The Greek State never mentions Diogenes. In order not to erect another False-Hero-Memorial, though, it should be mentioned that Diogenes was also a practical economist who was banished from Sinope “when he took to debasement of currency” (Wikipedia). Money creation is NOT meant with the Diogenes Solution but fixing the output Oi at some cultural minimum = maximum.

It holds for both limiting paths and all combinations in-between that the real wage is equal to the productivity, the workers get the whole output, and macroeconomic profit is zero. So, as productivity increases, the Legitimate Sovereign can choose between more material wealth or more leisure or a combination of the two. For the business sector, all combinations are indifferent because profit is zero in all cases as long as the household sector’s budget is balanced, i.e. C=Yw. Macroeconomic profit depends neither on labor time nor on productivity. This is a bit surprising for economists and philosophers who are still stuck in the old world of Walrasian, Keynesian, Marxian, Austrian economics, exploitation, and class war.#2

Egmont Kakarot-Handtke


#1 Wikimedia, The elementary production-consumption economy
#2 Ricardo and the invention of class war

Related 'Capitalism, poverty, exploitation, and cross-over exploitation' and 'Employment theory as an example of proto-scientific soapbubbling' and 'The set screws of overall and individual employment' and 'True macrofoundations: the reset of economics.

***
REPLY to Sandwichman on Jun 21

The Lump-of-Labor Fallacy is NOT solvable by comparing/confronting the statements of politicians on the issue of full employment as you do in your post War is Peace, Freedom is Slavery, Ignorance is Strength.

For the scientifically/philosophically correct answer see the Diogenes Solution in Nietzsche, Entropy, Full Employment, and NO Class War

January 16, 2019

False economic theory makes bad economic policy

Comment on Mish Shedlock on ‘Yet Another Fed Study Concludes Phillip’s Curve is Nonsense’

Blog-Reference and Blog-Reference and Blog-Reference

Mish Shedlock summarizes: “Proponents of the Phillips Curve keep looking for ways in which it works. Yet, another study concludes it doesn’t. The Phillips Curve, an economic model developed by A. W. Phillips purports that inflation and unemployment have a stable and inverse relationship. This has been a fundamental guiding economic theory used by the Fed for decades to set interest rates. Various studies have proven the theory is bogus, yet proponents keep believing.”

The Phillips Curve (better: bastard Phillips Curve) is the centerpiece of standard employment theory. Economists get employment theory wrong for 200+ years. The Phillips Curve has always been the highly visible landmark of economists’ scientific incompetence.

“In order to tell the politicians and practitioners something about causes and best means, the economist needs the true theory or else he has not much more to offer than educated common sense or his personal opinion.” (Stigum)

The materially/formally inconsistent Phillips Curve has to be replaced by the correct macroeconomic Employment Law. For details see

 NAIRU, wage-led growth, and Samuelson’s Dyscalculia
 Keynes’ Employment Function and the Gratuitous Phillips Curve Disaster
 NAIRU and the scientific incompetence of Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy
 Full employment, the Phillips Curve, and the end of Gaganomics

Egmont Kakarot-Handtke

***

REPLY to Stuki on Jan 16

Economists claim to do science from Adam Smith/Karl Marx onward to the “Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel”. Fact is, though, that economics is a failed/fake science or what Feynman called a cargo cult science.

The problem does NOT lie in the subject matter but in the fact that economics is a science without scientists. Economics has been hijacked early on by political agenda pushers. These stupid/corrupt folks have produced NOTHING of scientific value in the last 200+ years. They do not understand to this day the elementary mathematics that underlies macroeconomic accounting.#1

Economists can always explain why they are still at the proto-scientific level. You, too, repeat merely worn-out slogans from the long list of lame excuses.#2

The scientific incompetence of economists consists of the fact that it is beyond their means to realize that NO way leads from the understanding of Human Nature/motives/behavior/ action to the understanding of how the economic system works. What makes things worse is that there is NO scientifically valid knowledge of Human Nature/motives/behavior/ action, to begin with.#3

What has to be done is (i) to get rid of all stupid/corrupt agenda pushers, (ii) to execute the Paradigm Shift from false Walrasian microfoundations and false Keynesian macrofoundations to true macrofoundations.


#1 DrainTheScientificSwamp
#2 Failed economics: The losers’ long list of lame excuses
#3 Economics is NOT about Human Nature but the economic system


***

REPLY to Bob Roddis on Jan 18

You say: “I want money that maintains its value over the years.”

Economic theory can show you the way but, of course, neither Austrianism nor MMT.

Let us start with the simplest possible economic configuration. The elementary production-consumption economy is defined with this set of macroeconomic axioms: (A0) The economy consists of the household and the business sector which in turn consists initially of one giant fully integrated firm. (A1) Yw=WL wage income Yw is equal to wage rate W times working hours. L, (A2) O=RL output O is equal to productivity R times working hours L, (A3) C=PX consumption expenditure C is equal to price P times quantity bought/sold X.

Under the conditions of market-clearing X=O and budget-balancing C=Yw in each period, the price is given by P=W/R (1), i.e. the market-clearing price is equal to unit wage costs. This is the most elementary form of the macroeconomic Law of Supply and Demand.

The price is determined by the wage rate, which takes the role of the nominal anchor, and the productivity. From (1) follows W/P=R (2), i.e. the real wage is equal to productivity. Productivity determines the real value of money.

If one wants absolute price stability in the elementary production-consumption economy from beginning to eternity one has to apply the simple rule: change of wage rate = change of productivity.

Needless to emphasize that things become a bit more complex if investment, saving, government, and foreign trade are added. This, though, does NOT alter the core rule that the wage rate has to move synchronously with the productivity.

A fiat money system with perfect price stability is possible. Austrians have been too stupid to figure this out.

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REPLY to Bob Roddis on Jan 18

You say: “However, for a particular sale, cost is irrelevant to the subjective valuation of the ultimate buyer. ”

Oh no, the Austrian value theory. Take notice that the derivation of the market-clearing price above relates to the economy as a whole and NOT to a particular sale. The argument is based on objective-systemic macroeconomic axioms and not on silly Austrian individualistic subjectivism.

The macroeconomic profit Q≡C−Yw in the elementary production-consumption is zero because of the condition of budget balancing. This is fully compatible with, for example, the film industry making a huge profit and the rest of the economy making a loss of equal magnitude.

Macroeconomic profit, too, is an objectively given and well-defined magnitude. It does not come of wishful thinking or individual necessity but from dissaving, i.e. C greater Yw. Microeconomics in all variants is known by now as a methodological failure.

Get it, Austrianism is dead since its inception. The fact that it still appeals to brain-dead blatherers has to be taken as supporting evidence.

***
REPLY to Bob Roddis on Jan18

The Austrian core assertion is that laissez-faire would result in a stable economy with overall optimal outcomes. This assertion has never been proven. The provable fact of the matter is that the market economy is inherently unstable.#1

So, the very premise of Austrian economics is false and because of this, the whole verbal superstructure is false. Austrian economics is scientifically worthless and Austrians’ vacuous blather is only good for political agenda pushing.

You say: “There is no such thing as the ‘macro economy’.” You are a casualty of the methodological blunder called Fallacy of Insufficient Abstraction. Macroeconomic profit, for example, is measurable with the precision of two decimal places. Austrians cannot tell to this day what profit is.

It is macroeconomics that is objective. Microeconomics, on the other hand, has never been anything else than psychological/behavioral blather and pointless motive speculation.#2 Austrianism is a case in point.


#1 Proof of the inherent instability of the market economy
#2 The economist as second-guesser, mind reader, and folk psychologist


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REPLY to Stuki on Jan 19

You say that economics cannot be a science. This is simply false.

Economics has been hijacked early on by political agenda pushers. These stupid/corrupt folks have produced NOTHING of scientific value in the last 200+ years.

The problem with economics is that it is a science without scientists. For details of the big picture see cross-references Failed/Fake Scientists.

***

LINKS on Roger Farmer’s ‘Replacing the Phillips Curve: I showed you my macro model. Now show me your macro model’ on Apr 22 and Blog-Reference EV

► NAIRU, wage-led growth, and Samuelson’s Dyscalculia
► Keynes’ Employment Function and the Gratuitous Phillips Curve Disaster
► Full employment, the Phillips Curve, and the end of Gaganomics
► NAIRU: an exhaustive dancing-angels-on-a-pinpoint blather
► The Three Fatal Mistakes of Yesterday Economics: Profit, I=S, Employment
► NAIRU and the scientific incompetence of Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy
► False economic theory makes bad economic policy
► The five pathetic blunders of Roger Farmer
► Modern macro moronism
► For more details of the big picture see cross-references Employment/Phillips Curve

***

Source: Real-World Economics Review Blog on Apr 27

Source: Real-World Economics Blog

July 22, 2019

The worthlessness of value theory

Comment on Matias Vernengo on ‘Why do we need a theory of value?’*

Blog-Reference and Blog-Reference

Matias Vernengo correctly observes: “The theory of value and distribution is at the heart of economics. … However, most economists have no clue about it, about the centrality of value.”

Then he summarizes the main approaches:

• “Let me start with the authors of the surplus approach. In fact, a bit earlier with the economists that would eventually be known as Mercantilists (if you can talk about a school). If we are allowed to generalize and simplify, the latter believed that the wealth of nations depended essentially on maintaining trade surpluses and accumulating precious metals. Profits were essentially the result of buying cheap and selling dear, or profits upon alienation, which indicates that, for Mercantilists, profits were generated in the exchange process.”

• “Classical political economy authors, starting with William Petty, emphasize the determination of profits in the process of production, as a residual of output, once the conditions for the reproduction of the productive system were satisfied. So profits are not the result of selling high and buying low, something that could result from the mere fluctuation of market prices, but from the ability to produce beyond what was needed for the simple material reproduction of society. … So the normal rate of profit is needed to determine prices, and prices are needed to determine the normal rate of profit. This was well understood by both Ricardo and Marx.”

• “In other words, for a coherent theory of output, accumulation, international trade, technological change and more (taxation, etc.) you need a theory of value and distribution. That is also the case in the mainstream. Marginalism developed in the last quarter of the 19th century, both as a result of the lack of analytical solution in that period for the problems of the LTV and as a reaction to radical revival of the theory (Marxism). The important distinction is that while classical political economy authors dealt only with objective factors, and considered demand as given when determined value and distribution, marginalism incorporated subjective preferences as central for the explanation of long term normal prices, and prices and quantities were determined simultaneously.”

Let us make it short here: the theory of value/profit/distribution is false since Adam Smith.#1, #2 However, Matias Vernengo, too, has no clue about what profit is and how the monetary economy works.

The elementary production-consumption economy is defined with this set of macroeconomic axioms: (A0) The economy consists of the household and the business sector which, in turn, consists initially of one giant fully integrated firm. (A1) Yw=WL wage income Yw is equal to wage rate W times working hours. L, (A2) O=RL output O is equal to productivity R times working hours L, (A3) C=PX consumption expenditure C is equal to price P times quantity bought/sold X.

Under the conditions of market-clearing X=O and budget-balancing C=Yw in each period, the price as the dependent variable is given by P=W/R (1a). The price is determined by the wage rate W, which takes the role of the nominal numéraire, and the productivity R. The elementary production-consumption economy is shown on Wikimedia.#2

The macroeconomic Law of Supply and Demand (1a) implies W/P=R (1b), i.e. the real wage is always equal to the productivity no matter how the wage rate W is set. Labor gets the whole product.

The focus is here on the nominal/monetary balances. For the time being, real balances are excluded, i.e. it holds X=O. The condition of budget-balancing, i.e. C=Yw, is now skipped. The monetary saving/dissaving of the household sector is defined as S≡Yw−C. The monetary profit/loss of the business sector is defined as Q≡C−Yw. Ergo Q≡−S.

The balances add up to zero. The mirror image of household sector saving S is business sector loss −Q. The mirror image of household sector dissaving (-S) is business sector profit Q. Q≡−S is the elementary version of the macroeconomic Profit Law.

Ramifications: (i) The business sector’s revenues can only be greater than costs if, in the simplest of all possible cases, consumption expenditures are greater than wage income. (ii) In order that profit comes into existence for the first time in the elementary production-consumption economy, the household sector must run a deficit at least in one period. This presupposes the existence of a credit-creating entity. (iii) Profit is, in the most elementary case, determined by the increase and decrease of the household sector’s debt. There is a close relation between profit/loss and the expansion/contraction of debt for the economy as a whole. (iv) Wage income is the factor remuneration of labor input. Profit is not a factor income. Since capital is nonexistent in the elementary production-consumption economy profit is not functionally attributable to capital. (v) There is no relation at all between profit, capital, marginal or average productivity. (vi) The value of output is, in the general case, different from the sum of factor incomes. This is the defining property of the monetary economy. (vii) Profit is a factor-independent residual and qualitatively different from wage income. Therefore, it is an elementary mistake to maintain that total income is the sum of wages and profits.

In brief, to this day, Walrasians, Keynesians, Marxians, Austrians, MMTers, and Matias Vernengo have no clue about profit and as a consequence about value and distribution. They will all be buried at the darkest corner of the Flat-Earth Cemetery.

Egmont Kakarot-Handtke


* Naked Keynesianism
#1 The Profit Theory is False Since Adam Smith. What About the True Distribution Theory?
#2 Economics ― nothing but claptrap, twaddle, drivel, slip-slop, wish-wash, waffle, and proto-scientific garbage
#3 Wikimedia AXEC31 Elementary production-consumption economy

Related 'The Logic of Value and the Value of Logic'.

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REPLY to André on Jul 23

You say: “Price is not directly related to costs, be it wages or any other costs. A theory that relies on relations between prices and costs is lacking, to put it mildly.”

Observing one firm and then generalizing for the economy as a whole is called the Fallacy of Composition. This fallacy is the main reason why economics is proto-scientific garbage to this day.

Take, for a start, the most elementary case that the households fully spend their wage income on consumption, i.e. C=Yw, and that there are two products. Under the condition of market clearing and W1=W2=W, the prices are given by P1=W/R1 and P2=W/R2. The profits in both firms are zero, i.e. Q1≡C1―Yw1=0, Q2≡C2―Yw2=0, C=C1+C2, Yw=Yw1+Yw2, C=Yw, Q=Q1+Q2=0.

For relative prices, i.e. the exchange relation, holds P1/P2=R2/R1 in the most elementary case. The exchange relation between the two goods is determined by the objectively given productivities.

Now firm 1 increases the price P1. The households pay more for good 1 but keep total consumption expenditures unchanged, i.e. C=Yw, so they spend less on good 2. P2 falls under the condition of market-clearing. As a result, firm 1 now makes a profit and firm 2 makes a loss and the total profit of the business sector Q is zero as before.

Alternatively. Firm 1 increases the price P1. The households pay more for good 1 but keep expenditures on good 2 constant, that is, total consumption expenditures C are now greater than wage income Yw. In other words, the household sector deficit-spends or dissaves. In this case, the profit of the business sector as a whole Q is greater than zero. It holds Q≡−S, i.e. total profit of the business sector is equal to total dissaving of the household sector. The balances of the two sectors add up to zero, i.e. Q+S=0. One may call this the Law of the Conservation of Value.

One cannot do Price Theory and Value Theory without taking the macroeconomic balances equation into account.#1 OK, you can because you are a scientifically incompetent blatherer, to put it mildly.


#1 The Pure Logic of Value, Profit, Interest

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REPLY to André on Jul 23

You say: “Price is not necessarily related to costs, and this is a fact. If you ignore facts, you are just like a mainstream economist - ie, no scientist at all.”

Indeed, price is not necessarily related to costs. This is a well-known triviality. I treat this case in the section that starts with “Now firm 1 increases the price P1.” and in the section that starts with “Alternatively. Firm 1 increases the price P1.”

So, the point at issue is that you make a trivial statement about the price-setting capacity of a single firm. This is not “realism” but dumb partial analysis. The Walrasians can be criticized for many things but their point is valid that Marshallian partial analysis is worthless and has to be replaced by total analysis because of the interdependence of markets.

The interdependence of markets is a reality. It is nowhere to be found in your trivial examples. You simply do not get the essential point of price/value theory, to put it mildly.

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#PointOfProof

November 27, 2018

Economics: A pointless left-right wrestling show

Comment on Tom Hickey on ‘Tim Worstall ― The End Game Of Modern Monetary Theory’

Blog-Reference

Economics has claimed to be a science since Adam Smith/Karl Marx but it is NOT. Actually, it is political agenda-pushing that abuses the prestige of science.#1 However, in the political dogfight, the appeal to science can be counter-productive because a political argument must necessarily appeal to emotions and thus cut scientific thinking short.

So, the easiest method of ‘refutation’ is to take some bad examples from history and simply associate them with the other side. This is how Tim Worstall ‘refutes’ MMT: “And then we’ve this cautionary little tale about how the end game plays out. There’re more than just the one of those cautionary tales of course, Zimbabwe and Venezuela come to mind. Or perhaps Argentina.”#2

This annoys Tom Hickey: “This passes for serious criticism now? In addition, Tim Worstall doesn’t seem to realize that MMT is not a policy proposal but rather based on how the existing monetary system operates currently.”

In other words, MMT is a pure experience-based practice in the here and now. Here is the story of how Warren Mosler created what later became known as MMT: “The origin of MMT is ‘Soft Currency Economics’… which I wrote after spending an hour in the steam room with Don Rumsfeld at the Racquet Club in Chicago,… I had never read or even heard of Lerner, Knapp, Inness, Chartalism, and only knew Keynes by reading his quotes published by others. I ‘created’ what became known as ‘MMT’ entirely independently of prior economic thought. It came from my direct experience in actual monetary operations, much of which is also described in the book.”#3

The general public likes this steam-room approach and dislikes theory. Accordingly, the MMT propagandist Richard Murphy tries to make some bonus points by introducing himself as a practical realist who suffers from a false image: “Modern Monetary Theory does suffer from being called a theory.”#4

This annoys Bill Mitchell: “Specifically, there is a current out there that considers MMT to be incorrectly labeled because according to the argument, there is no theory involved. It’s hard to imagine why anyone would think that but the fact that they do tells me that I should write this blog post. As I noted yesterday, our Macroeconomics textbook … is full of theory. It has a lot of description, taxonomy, accounting, history, and philosophy, but also a lot of theory that ties some of those other components together in a meaningful way. The T in MMT is not a misnomer.”#5

Clearly, MMTers want to have it both ways. The salespeople say that MMT is operationally true and is nothing but a common-sense policy, the academics insist that MMT is a superior scientific approach. And they prove this by relentlessly exposing the idiotism and failure of mainstream economics.

Clearly, MMT has to be judged according to well-established scientific criteria. Worstall’s attempt to ‘refute’ MMT by referring to recent historical examples of inflation is silly polemics. Unfortunately, more cannot be expected from the Senior Fellow of the Adam Smith Institute.

MMT has to be refuted scientifically by proving that it is materially or formally inconsistent. This has already happened.#6, #7

Retarded folks like Tim Worstall argue always politically and never can get out of their tiny left-right box. In his utter ignorance, Tim Worstall swallows the MMTers’ self-description as Progressives hook, line, and sinker: “As we know Modern Monetary Theory is the latest great new plan from the left.”

Tim Worstall does not realize that MMT is in fact “the latest great new plan” from Wall Street.#8 If he had done his scientific homework, he would know how the monetary economy works and that the macroeconomic Profit Law implies Public Deficit = Private Profit. In other words, MMT is not left/progressive at all. MMT policy does not benefit WeThePeople but the Oligarchy. That is, the noisy left-right wrestling show distracts from the plain fact that MMT and the Adam Smith Institute push the same agenda.

Egmont Kakarot-Handtke


#1 The real problem with the economics Nobel
#2 Continental Telegraph The End Game Of Modern Monetary Theory
#3 The Johnsville News, Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) in a Nutshell
#4 Richard Murphy: the MMT fraudster dressed up as realist
#5 Understanding what the T in MMT involves
#6 The final implosion of MMT
#7 MMT = Modern Monetary Trash
#8 How MMT enlightens Washington

Related 'MMT = Trumponomics' and 'MMT: for the record' and 'How MMT makes everybody happy' and 'MMT in a nutshell' and 'Fake religion, fake science, fake news, and false complaints' and 'Economics debate ― just another variant of hardcore wrestling' and 'Economists: Time to say goodbye'. For the full-spectrum refutation of MMT, see cross-references MMT.


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Wikimedia AXEC106o




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REPLY to Tim Worstall, Joe, Bob Roddis, etc on Nov 28

This thread started with the debt-inflation red-herring and ended with the allocation/calculation red-herring. Economists’ main function in society has always been to keep the audience entertained with angels-on-a-pinpoint talk shows and to prevent any economic issue from ever getting settled.

The lethal argument against the “guvmint can’t do nuthin right” imbeciles is that the business sector cannot exist without the government’s production of profit which shows itself empirically in the permanently growing public debt. In other words, the profitability of the business sector is NOT an indicator of productivity/efficiency but of deficit-spending/money-creation.

From the axiomatically correct macroeconomic Profit Law Qm≡Yd+(I−Sm)+(G−T)+(X−M) follows that Public Deficit = Private Profit if all other variables are taken out of the picture for a moment.

So, it is the public deficit that produces macroeconomic profit and NOT any allegedly superior allocation of resources or the smartness/greed of capitalists or the alleged self-regulation by supply-demand-equilibrium. These factors influence merely the DISTRIBUTION of macroeconomic profit BETWEEN firms and NOT the overall volume.

In the early phase of capitalism, growth, i.e. the excess of the business sector’s investment expenditures I over the household sectors saving Sm produces macroeconomic profit Qm. In late capitalism, the government sector provides the life support of the business sector with deficit-spending, i.e. with G greater than T.

What the US government does in fact for many years is to artificially prolong the lifetime of an imploding economic system by steadily increasing the public debt. One collateral damage is that this also prolongs the blather-time of the “guvmint can’t do nuthin right” imbeciles.

The ongoing brain-dead blah blah of both MMTers and mainstreamers is incontrovertible proof that economists NEVER understood how the monetary economy works.

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REPLY to Detroit Dan, Bob Roddis on Nov 28

Detroit Dan maintains: “Private businesses have brought us all sorts of marvelous technology, …”

This is the Waiter Fallacy. It is the cook who has produced a delicious meal, the waiter only transported it with more or less elegance to the table. The generous tip, though, goes to the smiling fool who cannot even prepare scrambled eggs.

All the marvelous things of civilization come from scientists/engineers and not from businessmen.

It was Tesla who invented AC and not businessmen: “The investors showed little interest in Tesla’s ideas for new types of alternating current motors and electrical transmission equipment. After the utility was up and running in 1886, they decided that the manufacturing side of the business was too competitive and opted to simply run an electric utility. They formed a new utility company, abandoning Tesla’s company and leaving the inventor penniless.” (Wikipedia)

The idea that “private businesses have brought us all sorts of marvelous technology” is the classical case of cultural misappropriation.

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REPLY to Magpie, Tim Worstall on Nov 29

Now comes Magpie: “No red herrings. No bullshit. Forbes may accept that, we don’t. That’s no allowable critique here. You came here voluntarily, you play by our rules. Show us you know what you are talking about.”

As they say in Britain: “Keep your breath to cool your porridge”. The Senior Fellow of the Adam Smith Institute is not here for an exchange of profound economic knowledge but for another asinine dog and pony exercise.

Tim Worstall remains firmly in the tradition of the paradigmatic economist Adam Smith: “Smith ... disliked whatever went beyond plain common sense. He never moved above the heads of even the dullest readers. He led them on gently, encouraging them by trivialities and homely observations, making them feel comfortable all along.” (Schumpeter)

Nothing has changed since the founding fathers. The mission of the Senior Fellow of the Adam Smith Institute is to sell this message: The market economy/capitalism is the best of all possible economic worlds. Yes, there are crises, and unemployment, and corruption, and exploitation, and the distribution is perhaps a little biased, but, as everybody knows, the Soviets tried to implement a better system and it didn’t work. End of mantra.

Now, Magpie tells Tim Worstall that he cannot sell his bullshit to the audience of MNE, here “you play by our rules”.

What are those rules? At MNE “we” sell the message that deficit-spending/money-creation benefits WeThePeople and that MMTers are Progressives who care for the unemployed, the environment, humanity, in particular, the health and happiness of children, the elderly, and the poor. Arguing against this amounts to self-exclusion from the worldwide community of good people.

“Our” rules include the small print that anyone who proves that  MMT is, in fact, proto-scientific garbage and that the MMT sales team does not promote knowledge about how the monetary economy works but pushes the agenda of the Oligarchy in the cloak of social policy will be stopped in the tracks by a sky-high heap of political BS.

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REPLY to Tim Worstall on Nov 29

You have been introduced as a Senior Fellow of the Adam Smith Institute: “The Adam Smith Institute is a neoliberal think tank and lobbying group based in the United Kingdom and named after Adam Smith, a Scottish moral philosopher and classical economist.” (Google profile)

A think tank has NOTHING to do with thinking. But, of course, nobody wants to characterize his type of business as brainwashing.

Everyone who rallies behind the False-Hero Memorial of Adam Smith exposes himself as an incompetent scientist. Adam Smith did not get the foundational concept of economics ― profit ― right, and this means that his final resting place in the history of scientific thought is a hole in the darkest corner of the Flat-Earth Cemetery.#1, #2

The fact of the matter is that, in 200+ years, economists have not made any progress towards an understanding of how the economy works. The Profit Theory is still false, and this means that the rest of the analytical superstructure is false. This holds for Classical Economics, Walrasianism, Keynesianism, Marxianism, Austrianism, and MMT.#3

So, the political proposals/solutions of both late-Smithians and MMTers lack sound scientific foundations. In the final analysis, both are political frauds.

This is the difference between scientific thinking and think-tank thinking: “A genuine inquirer aims to find out the truth of some question, whatever the color of that truth. … A pseudo-inquirer seeks to make a case for the truth of some proposition(s) determined in advance. There are two kinds of pseudo-inquirer, the sham and the fake. A sham reasoner is concerned, not to find out how things really are, but to make a case for some immovably-held preconceived conviction. A fake reasoner is concerned, not to find out how things really are, but to advance himself by making a case for some proposition to the truth-value of which he is indifferent.” (Haack)

You say, “How amazing that you know what I think.” I don’t know what you think. But I know that you cannot think.



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REPLY to Tim Worstall on Nov 29

You say: “Seriously, don’t you people read any standard economics at all? Inflation from spending is just Keynes, inflation from increased money supply is Friedman.”

Are you really thus far behind the curve? Keynes and Friedman are not quotable in an economic argument because they are scientifically long dead.#1, #2, #3

Take notice that there is NO relation between a growing public debt and inflation.#4, #5 The lethal consequence of MMT policy is NOT on inflation but on distribution.



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REPLY to Tim Worstall on Nov30

You say: “MMT says that, in certain circumstances, you should run a surplus. As does Keynes, as does Friedman.”

That’s not the point. The point is Zimbabwe, i.e., your argument that the MMT policy of deficit-spending/money-creation causes inflation. That is not the case. MMT policy causes the metrics of macroeconomic distribution, i.e. share of profit/financial wealth, to increase. In other words, MMT policy is money-making for the Oligarchy in the bluff package of social policy.#1

Both Keynes’ and Friedman’s inflation, distribution, employment, and profit theories are provably false. So, they are scientifically dead and only ignoramuses still quote them.



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REPLY to Calgacus on Nov 30

Calgacus feels the urge to emphasize: “By the way, AXEC / E.K-H Egmont Kakarot-Handtke is not an MMTer, but a critic of MMT with his own theories.”

This is correct but irrelevant. In science, people are not much interested in membership cards or in opinions or in collecting likes/followers, or self-presentation, but rather in contributions to the growth of knowledge. The identity proof of a scientist is that he has something to say that helps to understand how the universe or a subdomain of it works.

So, it does not matter at all whether and why a person belongs to the MMT community or not. As Schumpeter put it: “Remember: occasionally, it may be an interesting question to ask why a man says what he says; but whatever the answer, it does not tell us anything about whether what he says is true or false.”

True, I am NOT a member/follower of MMT, I am NOT a mere critic of MMT but have proved that MM-Theory does NOT satisfy the scientific criteria of material/formal consistency.#1 What I in addition say is that MMTers are too stupid for the elementary mathematics that underlies macroeconomics and that they have no idea of what science is all about. And I never forget to say that MMT is just another political fraud.


#1 For the full-spectrum refutation of MMT see cross-references MMT

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REPLY to Clint Ballinger, Tim Worstall on Dec 1

Clint Ballinger advises Tim Worstall: “Do the hard accounting, and you will see currency issuers don’t borrow their own tax credits, there is no money multiplier (and why that matters), why interest rate manipulation does not do what you think it does, and on and on.”

Yes, evidently, MMT is superior to the think-tank economics of the Senior Weasel of the Adam Smith Institute. In fact, anything is superior to mainstream economics because, in scientific terms, mainstream economics is absolute zero. You just cannot go deeper.

But, although better, MMT is still not good enough. MMT, too, gets the foundational macroeconomic relations wrong. It does not matter whether this is because of stupidity or fraud, MMT’s sectoral balances equation is provably false.#1 This is lethal to the whole approach.

So, the MMT Weasel Clint Ballinger has to be advised in turn: “Do the hard accounting, and you will see that Public Deficit = Private Profit#2, and why MMT policy guidance benefits the one-percenters and NOT the ninety-nine-percenters.” Effectively, that is, behind the theatrical hostilities, the MMT Weasel Clint Ballinger and the Senior Weasel Tim Worstall are on the same Oligarchy page.

For those who have suspected for a long time that Clint Ballinger is an incompetent scientist who suffers from multiple self-delusions, here is the proof.#3


Twitter-Threads here and here

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REPLY to Detroit Dan, Tim Worstall, Andrew Anderson, Joe, Calgacus, etc. on Dec 2

You can blather on until you are blue in the face. This does not alter the fact that Walrasianism, Keynesianism, Marxianism, Austrianism, and MMT are mutually contradictory, axiomatically false, materially/formally inconsistent and that all got the foundational concept of the subject matter ― profit ― wrong.

As a consequence, the policy guidance of all economic schools lacks sound scientific foundations. This makes it plain to the general public that economics is nothing more than political agenda pushing and economists are nothing more than useful political idiots.

Therefore, the first thing to do for the salvation of humanity is to flush failed economics and blather economists down the scientific drain.

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REPLY to Clint Ballinger on Dec 2

Clint Ballinger parrots the foundational blunder of economics, i.e. that the “… distribution between households and business is _fundamentally_ political.”

What Clint Ballinger does not get is that Profit Theory is false and, by consequence, Distribution Theory. #1, #2

What Clint Ballinger does not get is that economics is a systems science. Retarded economists still think it is a social science.#3 The so-called social sciences are what Feynman called cargo cult science. Economics has been hijacked and corrupted by the agenda pushers of Political Economy.#4 Since Adam Smith/Karl Marx, economics has not risen above the proto-scientific level.

The axiomatically correct macrofoundations approach is NOT for low-life political economists. They are beyond hope. For them, it is FLUSH.#5



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REPLY to Clint Ballinger on Dec 3

That is the actual state of economics, messed up
• profit theory, for 200+ years,
• microfoundations, for 150+ years,
• macrofoundations, for 80+ years,
• the application of elementary logic and mathematics since the founding fathers.

The representative economist has swallowed the micro-crap supply-demand-equilibrium and the macro-crap I=S hook, line, and sinker and does not know what profit is.#1

MMTers are too stupid for the elementary mathematics that underlies macro-accounting.

Come on, Clint Ballinger, prove that you are not one of this sorry bunch of useful political idiots and tell the blog audience which of the two macroeconomic sectoral balances equations is true/false:
(i) (I−S)+(G−T)+(X−M)=0
(ii) (I−S)+(G−T)+(X−M)−(Qm−Yd)=0?



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REPLY to S400 on Dec 3

You say: “Take notice that EKHs answers always follows the same script: you’re too stupid....”

That is not quite correct, I say that MMTers are stupid or corrupt or both. For all with a deeper interest, links to the proofs are provided.

Your silly post confirms that the conclusion about MMTers is accurate. Therefore, it cannot often enough be repeated.

Try to refute the macroeconomic Profit Law, and if you cannot, you are out of economics.

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REPLY to Detroit Dan, Clint Ballinger, Tim Worstall, S400 on Dec 4

You cannot answer the question of which of the sectoral balances equations is true/false
(i) (I−S)+(G−T)+(X−M)=0
(ii) (I−S)+(G−T)+(X−M)−(Qm−Yd)=0?

Obviously, you have no idea of how the monetary economy works and have never heard of the Ancient Greek Philosopher’s Rule of Human Communication: If you know nothing, say nothing.

Time for you to say goodbye.

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Chronological insertion Economists: Time to say goodbye Dec 4

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REPLY to Detroit Dan, Tim Worstall, Clint Ballinger, Joe on Dec 5

“In order to tell the politicians and practitioners something about causes and best means, the economist needs the true theory or else he has not much more to offer than educated common sense or his personal opinion.” (Stigum)

Neither Walrasians, Keynesians, Marxians, Austrians, nor MMTers have the true theory. Just the opposite, these approaches are provably false. Economics is scientifically unacceptable.

With your continuing blather, you perfectly fit the definition of an economist as a person who talks out of his ass about things he does not know.

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REPLY to Clint Ballinger on Dec 6

You say: “Give us an article of REAL criticism of MMT.”

Here it is.

MMT is scientifically worthless because it is based on a provably false sectoral balances equation. Because the foundational equation is false, the whole analytical superstructure is false. The MMT balances equation obscures the macroeconomic fact that Public Deficit = Private Profit. As a consequence, the MMT policy of deficit-spending/money-creation benefits the Oligarchy and NOT WeThePeople. The claim of MMTers to be the real Progressives is, therefore, a political fraud.#1


#1 For details, see cross-references MMT

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REPLY to Tim Worstall on Dec 6

There is the political sphere and there is the scientific sphere. The political sphere is about agenda-pushing, and the scientific sphere is about knowledge.

In the political sphere, every imbecile is entitled to climb on a soapbox and vomit the contents of his dysfunctional brain all over the place.

In the scientific sphere, people are supposed to contribute something to the growth of knowledge. Scientific knowledge, in turn, is well-defined by material and formal consistency. Confused off-topic blather is NOT appreciated in the scientific sphere.

The most important thing is to keep the political and scientific spheres strictly apart. The mixing of politics and science always corrupts science. This starts with Smith/Marx and continues over the whole right/left spectrum from Hayek, Keynes, Friedman, Krugman, Keen, Mosler, Kelton to Clint Ballinger, and Tim Worstall.

Take notice that in the political sphere, the Legitimate Sovereign makes the ultimate decision. The Spartans, for example, asked their Oracle whether they should go to war or not. If the Oracle said no, they simply went home. So, for them, the Oracle was the Legitimate Sovereign. To figure out who the Legitimate Sovereign is in a given historical situation is the business of Political Science and NOT of Economics.

You say: “We’ll end up with 45, 55% of GDP going through government. … Now, politically, I’d oppose this, I think that’s far too much of everything to be running through the political decision-making process.”

This statement, clearly, belongs to the political sphere. And it is as good as any other opinion. However, if the Legitimate Sovereign decides that the state’s share is 50% of GDP, then that’s it. That is what sovereignty means. It is a matter of indifference whether those who maintain that 10% is in order and those that 90% is in order are dissatisfied.

The task of economists as scientists is to figure out how the economy works and how the decisions of the Legitimate Sovereign can best be implemented. The task of economists is, metaphorically, to figure out the principles of flying and how to get something heavier than air off the ground and safely to a remote destination. The economist as a scientist has no more to say than anybody else what the destination should be.#2

Needless to emphasize that blathering economists have got nothing off the ground in the past 200+ years. What they have produced instead is 1001 stories about flying carpets.



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REPLY to Clint Ballinger on Dec 6

Learn reading. It has been explicitly stated above: “To figure out, who the Legitimate Sovereign is in a given historical situation is the business of Political Science and NOT of Economics.”

The task of economists as scientists is to figure out how the actual economy works. On this score, you are as bad a failure as one can get.

If you have not realized it, your so-called debate with Tim Worstall is absolutely vacuous. Re-read your own stuff and weep.

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REPLY to Clint Ballinger on Dec 6

You detract from the point at issue and ask: “Yes, but why is the food so bad? And why can’t I get an upgrade to 1st class? And WHY do I always have to go though Atlanta!?”

Surely, the Freakonomics guy can easily answer those questions. But neither he nor you know which of the two sectoral balances equations is true/false
(i) (I−S)+(G−T)+(X−M)=0
(ii) (I−S)+(G−T)+(X−M)−(Qm−Yd)=0.

And this means that you cannot answer the fundamental question of how the monetary economy works. But lack of competence does not prevent you from blathering with the Senior Ignoramus of the Adam Smith Institute about economic policy.

Get it, the right policy depends on true theory. And both microfounded Neoclassics and macrofounded MMT are axiomatically false.

This is why economists’ policy advice is lethal, which did not go unnoticed: “Late in life, moreover, he [Napoleon] claimed that he had always believed that if an empire were made of granite the ideas of economists if listened to, would suffice to reduce it to dust.” (Viner)

And this is why economists are only admitted as clowns to the political Circus Maximus where they keep the audience entertained with a profound debate about why everybody always has to go through Atlanta.

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REPLY to Clint Ballinger on Dec 7

You again try to detract from the point at issue: “Tim ― totally agree that the important thing to look at in already developed countries are the details of taxation. Sure a lot can be learned from Sweden, a lot seems to be about localism v national gov, but anyway, these are the issues we should be talking about.”

No, we should be talking about how MMTers are stupid and corrupt agenda pushers who sell a free-lunch policy for the Oligarchy in the bluff package of social policy and how we can sue economists for 200+ years of economic damages, and how we can get rid of these failed/fake scientists and how we can make economics a science.

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REPLY to Clint Ballinger on Dec 7

You know nothing, and I know that you cannot tell which of the two sectoral balances equations is true/false
(i) (I−S)+(G−T)+(X−M)=0
(ii) (I−S)+(G−T)+(X−M)−(Qm−Yd)=0.

And you suffer from multiple self-delusions. For example, you hallucinate: “And I know for a fact that you cannot disprove the Cambridge UK position, nor the work of Pasinetti.”

The fact is that Cambridge UK’s distribution theory has already been thoroughly disproved.#1

The Profit Theory is false from Smith/Ricardo#2,#3/Marx#4 onward to Keynes/Kaldor/ Kalecki/Pasinetti. All these sorry members of Cambridge School#5 go down the scientific drain. FLUSH. Oh, I forgot Clint Ballinger. FLUSH.



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REPLY to Clint Ballinger on Dec 8

“Income = value of output = consumption + investment. Saving = income − consumption. Therefore saving = investment.” (Keynes, GT, p. 63) The formal core of the GT has been provably false for 80+ years, and this tells one all about economists’ scientific incompetence in general and the Cambridge School, in particular.#1

Pasinetti’s idiocy consists of not having realized Keynes’ foundational blunder. The Cambridge distribution theories are all predicated on “Investment = Savings”.#2

There is no escape for you, Clint Ballinger. FLUSH. 


#1 For details of the big picture, see cross-references Refutation of I=S


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REPLY to Clint Ballinger on Dec 8

I am waiting until you give me the PRECISE summary of Pasinetti’s refutation of the axiomatically correct macroeconomic Profit Law. It should be an easy copy-paste for you.

In the meantime, I summarize your contribution to the point at issue: zero.

The point at issue is MMT and the unassailable proof of the stupidity/corruption of MMTers.#1

Because it is a sure bet that nobody will ever see your pertinent summary of Pasinetti, it's FLUSH for you, NOW.


#1 For the full-spectrum refutation of MMT, see cross-references MMT

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REPLY to Clint Ballinger on Dec 8

This thread is about MMT. You have NOT realized that the foundational MMT sectoral balances equation (I−S)+(G−T)+(X−M)=0 is false and that the AXEC equation (I−S)+(G−T)+(X−M)−(Qm−Yd)=0 is true.

So you are out of any serious debate before it even starts.

In order to deflect from this embarrassment, you throw up the name of Pasinetti. But, of course, you cannot give a summary that proves that Pasinetti has said something sensible concerning the point at issue. In order to deflect from this embarrassment, you throw up the name of Sraffa without giving a summary that proves that Sraffa has said anything sensible concerning the point at issue.

Looks a bit desperate, your argumentation. But what is really bad for you is that Sraffa, too, has already been refuted.#1

You have not realized to this day that the Cambridge School of Loose Verbal Reasoning has NOT produced one piece of sound science,#2 so there is no hope for you. Perhaps in your next incarnation, you will be endowed with more than two brain cells. Then, perhaps, you could be admitted to serious debate.



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REPLY to Clint Ballinger and the rest of the political agenda pushers on Dec 9

Clint Ballinger parrots Pasinetti’s paper: “It shows that it is impossible to axiomatize distribution and ‘demonstrated conclusively that there is no relationship between the productivity of various factors of production ― capital, labour, materials ― and the distribution of income in society’ as one comment summarizes it.”

Remember G. B. Shaw’s dictum: “People who say it cannot be done should not interrupt those who are doing it.”

I have derived the macroeconomic Profit Law Qm≡Yd−Sm+I+(G−T)+(X−M) from consistent macrofoundations a.k.a. axioms. Note that the Law is testable with an accuracy of two decimal places. With regard to the government’s budget, the Profit Law boils down to Public Deficit = Private Profit. This piece of pure economic analysis translates into the scientific insight that the MMT sectoral balances equation is false and into the political insight that MMT’s policy of deficit-spending/money-creation is nothing but a free lunch for the Oligarchy. In other words, that “progressive” MMT policy is a political fraud.

Everyone is free to try to empirically refute the Profit Law, which is the scientifically correct way to settle the matter.

Needless to emphasize that MMTers cannot refute the proof of political fraud, so they desperately try to bury it under a sky-high heap of BS about capitalism/communism, the healthcare systems in Sweden, the USA, Hong Kong, and elsewhere, chemical processes in the brain, property taxation in the OECD, social democracy and democratic socialism, Sanders, Corbyn, Lenin, carbon tax, plastic pollution, and finally the CCC, which is long known to have been nothing but a laughable dancing-angels-on-a-pinpoint debate. What the CCC has made unmistakably clear to everyone is that economists are, after 200+ years, still confused about the foundational concepts of their subject matter, i.e., profit and capital.

Obviously, MMTers’ mission has never been to contribute to scientific knowledge but to produce false promises, disinformation, misinformation, never-ending filibusters, silly claims, vacuous assertions, and talk show entertainment in order that everything remains where it has been since Adam Smith, that is, in the bottomless proto-scientific swamp of inconclusive blather.#1, #2

MMT is provably false, and that is the end of MMT ― except MMTers can empirically disprove the macroeconomic Profit Law. Everyone knows by now that this will never happen.

Political economists have never produced and will never produce anything of scientific value. So here is the final FLUSH for Clint Ballinger and the rest of the proto-scientific dumbshits,#3 useful political idiots, agenda pushers, and fraudsters.

It is high time to drain the swamp.



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Wikimedia AXEC143d Macroeconomic profit with increasing complexity


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Chronological insertion MMT: Time to say goodbye Dec 10

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REPLY to Clint Ballinger on Dec 11

The point at issue is the proof that MMT is materially and formally inconsistent. Instead of accepting a clear-cut falsification, as a scientist is supposed to do, you desperately try to change the issue. This, basically, is the corrupt methodology of economics since the founding fathers: “In economics we should strive to proceed, wherever we can, exactly according to the standards of the other, more advanced, sciences, where it is not possible, once an issue has been decided, to continue to write about it as if nothing had happened.” (Morgenstern, 1941)

MMT stands firmly in this bad tradition with Walrasianism, Keynesianism, Marxianism, and Austrianism as precursors. This is why economics is still stuck at the proto-scientific level and merely recycles the same old topics without definitive conclusions and consequences. Economics is not a science but a heap of falsified theories.

There can be no progress when falsified theories are not discarded and replaced by superior theories and there effectively has been no progress as everyone can see when the fake science economics is compared to the genuine sciences. Supply-demand-equilibrium, what idiocy for 200+ years!

Needless to emphasize that the traditional anti-scientific corruption of economists gained a new life in the econblogosphere. MMT academics are no exception with regard to censorship/suppression/disinformation/manipulation.#1, #2

After being back on track, the answer to your distracting question about taxation is: Any kindergartner can google it.#3



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#DrainTheScientificSwamp

Photographic evidence of the glorious self-debunking of MMT.

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REPLY to Clint Ballinger on Dec 11

You ask, “So how do you know that ‘the Oligarchy’ is not the ‘Legitimate Sovereign’??”

This is NOT a question for economists to clarify, but for Political Science in a scientific way and for the people in a practical way.

You say, “Glad I asked the tax question.” Not really.

The Zero-Tax Economy* is the logical endpoint of the MMT agenda pushing. Behind the social smokescreen and the operational nitty-gritty, MMT policy guidance boils down to deficit-spending/money-creation. Zero-Tax means maximum deficit-spending. Because Public Deficit = Private Profit, Zero-Tax means maximum profit for the economy as a whole. If the economy is in the hands of the Oligarchy, then Zero-Tax means maximum profit for the Oligarchy, which is perfectly in order if the Oligarchy is the Legitimate Sovereign.

My guess is that up to this point, you are enthusiastic about the idea of a Zero-Tax economy. I understand that you are not at all enthusiastic about full profit distribution to the owner of the firm if the legitimate owner is not private but public. This would be a bit too “progressive” for an MMTer. After all, MMT’s fight for the cause of WeThePeople was never meant to be taken literally.

* Notice: The concept of a Zero-Tax Economy is protected by Copyright © and Trademark ®.