AXEC: New Foundations of Economics: Search results for China

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September 4, 2026

Occasional X: Clueless economists / Science (CCCLXXXVI)

“Fairness of Nobel Prize in Economics is being questioned： “China has the fastest sustained economic growth in world history that's lifted the most people out of poverty.” "And yet the Nobel Prize committee awarded it to an Indian guy for his work on poverty alleviation. And yet… pic.twitter.com/1sZPiq5LQx
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) September 4, 2026

August 23, 2026

Occasional X: The futile attempt to recycle MMT (CCV)

“China only seriously heard about MMT in 2020. By 2025, MMT seems to be prevailing in decision-making circles.” (fiat money)

MMT is refuted on all counts. The proofs have already been given elsewhere; see

Cross-references MMThttps://t.co/eXlgPKrinA

It's very improbable that… pic.twitter.com/fZrLRZWtwQ
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) August 23, 2026

July 18, 2026

Occasional X: The foul spirit of political economics (CCCXVII)

“China owns ~248,000 acres of American farmland. America owns 0 acres in China. Our past leaders sold us out. Time for Trump to take all of our land back for free.” (MAGA Posts)

The axiomatically correct macroeconomic profit formula is as follows: Qm:=Yd+(I−Sm)+(G−T)+(X−M).…
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) July 18, 2026

February 15, 2026

Occasional X: How it works (CDLI)

“'High debt share hampers GDP growth' is still somehow a received wisdom preached to developing countries including China, yet just a boomer fat finger error” (Hongshen Zhu)

Not the debt share is relevant for economic growth, but the increase/decrease of the debt, i.e., the… pic.twitter.com/cztEqAFTfB
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) February 15, 2026

Occasional X: Clueless economists / Inflation / Deflation (XLXVI)

“China is stuck in its longest deflationary streak in decades: …” (Kobeissi Letter)

The axiomatically correct macroeconomic Law of Supply and Demand ⇓ tells one how ― in the elementary case ― the avg price P moves under the condition of market clearing as a function of avg… pic.twitter.com/6PrIam82cB
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) February 15, 2026

February 13, 2026

Occasional X: Clueless economists / Inflation / Deflation (XLXIV)

“China is in the grip of a DEFLATION. In January, its Producer Price Index (PPI) was NEGATIVE at -1.42%/yr. If that's not bad enough, China's PPI has been negative for 3 STRAIGHT YEARS. DEFLATION = AN ANEMIC MONEY SUPPLY GROWTH STORY.” (Steve Hanke)

Steve Hanke has no clue how… pic.twitter.com/PPtiW03CtB
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) February 13, 2026

February 12, 2026

Occasional X: Clueless economists / Inflation / Deflation (XLXII)

“The mystery of China's 15 years of deflation, and how its economy continues to defy Milton Friedman's monetarist doctrine.” (China Banking News)

Actually, there is no mystery, but only provably false legacy economics.

The axiomatically correct macroeconomic Law of Supply and… pic.twitter.com/aOZLhT5mE3
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) February 12, 2026

January 19, 2026

Occasional X: The futile attempt to recycle Milton Friedman (XLIX)

#Economics #AllYouNeedToKnow

“Is there some society you know that doesn’t run on greed? You think Russia doesn’t run on greed? You think China doesn’t run on greed? ” (Milton Friedman)

Greed is the business of psychology/sociology, not economics. Economics has defined itself as… pic.twitter.com/SXdo6yf3kR
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) January 19, 2026

December 30, 2025

Occasional X: The foul spirit of political economics (CLXXXIV)

#Economics #AllYouNeedToKnow

“American economists convincing themselves that they are what causes growth while China overtakes the US by actually building stuff is one of the funniest things about the Age of Stupid.” (Joseph Francis)

Economics is NOT about left or right, good… pic.twitter.com/DOeAeiC3C1
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) December 30, 2025

October 24, 2025

Occasional X: The futile attempt to recycle MMT (CLXVIII)

#Economics #AllYouNeedToKnow

“The rise of MMT in China” (chinabankingnews quoted by Clint Ballinger)

If China were to follow MMT, it would suggest that they do not understand economics/monetary theory. This would mean that they are just as stupid as Western economists.

That…
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) October 24, 2025

October 19, 2025

Occasional X: The foul spirit of political economics (CLIV)

#Economics #AllYouNeedToKnow

“Folks, China ended its socialist misery and poverty when it introduced some free market principles like private property.” (Michael Arouet)

As an economist, Michael Arouet should know better. Profit/nominal wealth has nothing to do with 'free… pic.twitter.com/MJ8ShcRR8u
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) October 19, 2025

For more about China, see AXECquery.

August 24, 2025

AI: boosting scientific competence in economics (III)

#Economics #AllYouNeedToKnow

“xAI will soon be far beyond any company besides Google, then significantly exceed Google. Companies in China will be the toughest competitors, because they have so much more electricity than America and are super strong at building hardware.” (Elon…
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) August 24, 2025

August 14, 2025

Occasional X: The futile attempt to recycle MMT (CLX)

#MMT #BadScienceBadPolicyBadPeople

“China's top economists have turned to Ray Dalio and Modern Monetary Theory in search of intellectual support for their arguments over debt-fuelled fiscal spending.” (Shahin Ashkiani)

Dear China's top economists, MMT cannot give you any…
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) August 14, 2025

For more about China, see AXECquery

July 9, 2025

Occasional X: How it works (CCCLXXII)

#Economics #AllYouNeedToKnow

“The U.S. Stock Market now has a higher market cap than Europe, China, Hong Kong, Japan, India, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Brazil, Mexico, and South Africa COMBINED 👀👀 Thought American Exceptionalism was dead?” (Barchard)

True.…
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) July 9, 2025

X, Jul 25, 2025

February 23, 2025

Occasional X: How it works (CCCXXV)

#Economics #AllYouNeedToKnow

The US economy is not 50% larger. The GDP numbers show that it is a hot-air ballon filled by relentless deficit-spending/money-creation over the past years. ⇓ pic.twitter.com/QyquKb4wyb
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) February 23, 2025

#Economics #AllYouNeedToKnow

America's business is NOT business but show-business. The GDP contribution of apparently innovative companies (Meta, Google, Netflix etc) consists mainly of DisInfoTainment, data collection for the Three Letter Agencies, and algorithmic perception…
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) February 24, 2025

Europe's stagnation over the past years is a fact, but the growth of the USA's GDP is a nominal fiction. Both, Europe and the USA together have lost out to China/Russia ― economically, militarily, scientifically, and culturally. Not even Hollywood can make a success story out of…
— AXEC (@EgmontHandtke) February 24, 2025

September 26, 2024

Occasional X: What economists really do (CCCLV)

#GeoPolitics #GeoEconomics

It doesn't matter what Ms. Baerbock said recently about Polish bridges or fighting for freedom. That's #DisInfoTainment. The declared objective of German foreign policy is war against Russia and China.⇓ pic.twitter.com/QpofTxyeaq
— E.K-H (@AXECorg) September 26, 2024

February 16, 2024

Occasional Xs: How it works (CXLVII)

The #LawOfSupplyAndDemand ⇓ tells one how the avg #Price P moves under the condition of #MarketClearing as a function of avg #WageRate W, #Productivity R, and #DeficitSpendingMoneyCreation i.e. the expenditure ratio ρE. #Deflation ends if W & ρE go up. Should be easy for #China. pic.twitter.com/wwb8uiezV8
— E.K-H (@AXECorg) February 16, 2024

February 11, 2024

Occasional Xs: How it works (CXLII)

The #LawOfSupplyAndDemand ⇓ tells one how the avg #Price P moves under the condition of #MarketClearing as a function of avg #WageRate W, #Productivity R, and #DeficitSpendingMoneyCreation i.e. the expenditure ratio ρE. #Deflation ends if W & ρE go up. Should be easy for #China. pic.twitter.com/5RqlX81GRC
— E.K-H (@AXECorg) February 11, 2024

November 6, 2023

Occasional X: Clueless economists / Money (IV)

#Economics

With a view to the #CBDC future, the #BlackEconomy needs an ANONYMOUS #MediumOfExchange. Like #Cash, #Crypto avoids the transparency of #eMoney. The volume of Crypto is a metric for the private/public #Corruption of a country.
— E.K-H (@AXECorg) November 6, 2023

For more about crypto see AXECquery.

***

Twitter/X Aug 19, 2025

Twitter/X Sep 8, 2025 Crypto cloud, debt, dollar

Twitter/X Oct 11, 2025 Crypto whale

Twitter/X Oct 12, 2025 President Trump and crypto

Twitter/X Nov 5, 2025

Twitter/X Dec 12, 2025

Twitter/X Feb 2, 2026 Bitcoin, senior management

Twitter/X Feb 3, 2026 Cyrypto as strategic reserve currency

Twitter/X Feb 3, 2026 Crypto, blockchain, centralization

Twitter/X Feb 6, 2026 That's wrong, a crypto price above 0 means financial manipulation

Twitter/X Feb 7, 2026 Crypto as an intelligence test: China is No. 1

Twitter/X Feb 23, 2026 Crypto is only incredible to those who believe everything

Twitter/X Mar 13, 2026

October 4, 2022

Occasional Tweets: The representative economist is not a scientist but an agenda-pusher (III)

The task of #Economists is NOT to kick the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the ass but to figure out how the #Economy works. To this day, #Economics is #FailedFakeScience.

Btw, FM Baerbock is already fully occupied with fuelling the war against Russia/China. pic.twitter.com/JuciY6J7My
— E.K-H (@AXECorg) October 4, 2022

For details of the big picture see cross-references The Representative Economist.

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Knowledge only — no opinion

Science does not explain everything, but non-science explains nothing.

Neither orthodox nor heterodox economics satisfies the scientific criteria of material and formal consistency.

Economists cannot explain how the economy works. The Profit Theory is false since Adam Smith. There is much opinion and little knowledge.

Opinion is the realm of political economics, knowledge is the realm of theoretical economics.

Political economics is scientifically worthless.

Theoretical economics is built upon clearly stated premises, i.e., upon a set of axioms.

Orthodoxy got the axiomatic foundations wrong and Heterodoxy has none at all.

Economics is a failed science. Economists are incompetent scientists.

Profit

Neither Classicals, nor Walrasians, nor Marshallians, nor Marxians, nor Keynesians, nor Institutionialists, nor Monetary Economists, nor MMTers, nor Austrians, nor Sraffaians, nor Evolutionists, nor Game theorists, nor EconoPhysicists, nor RBCers, nor New Keynesians, nor New Classicals ever came to grips with profit. Hence, they all fail to capture the essence of the market economy.

Because of this, economists have nothing to offer in the way of a scientifically founded economic policy guidance.

The hybrid science

As a first approximation, one can agree on the general characteristic that the economy is a complex system.

However, with the term system one usually associates a structure with components that are non-human. In order to stress the obvious fact that humans are an essential component of the economic system the market economy should be characterized more precisely as a complex hybrid human/system entity.

The scientific method is straightforwardly applicable to the sys-component but not to the hum-component. While it is clear that the economy always has to be treated as an indivisible whole, for good methodological reasons the analysis has to start with the objective system-component.

In gestalt-psychological terms the economic system is the foreground, individual behavior the background. Common sense wrongly insists that the hum-component must always be in the foreground. This fallacy compares to geo-centrism. The economic system has its own logic which is different from the behavioral logic of humans. The systemic logic is what Adam Smith called the Invisible Hand.

There are systemic laws but no behavioral laws. Systemic laws have the same methodological status as physical laws.

Neither Orthodoxy nor Heterodoxy can tell what the systemic laws of the actual monetary economy are.

Whether the outcome of the human/system-interaction is good or bad is a politcal question that lies outside of theoretical economics. Theoretical economics explains how the actual economy works - no less, no more.

Narrative vs.Theory

Psychological, sociological or behavioral assumptionism cannot yield anything other than a gossip model of the world. Second-guessing the agents is not economic analysis.

Science deals exclusively with propositions that can in principle be decided by objective means. The rest is opinion, faith, phantasy, motive speculation, allegation, hallucination, myth, paranoia, ink-blot association, psychology, philosophy, in one word: storytelling.

Storytelling is the original mode of communication in the social realm — except science.

Political economics is storytelling and, by default, the natural habitat of confused confusers. Walrasianism, Keynesianism, Marxianism, Austrianism are social narratives and not scientifically valid representations of reality.

"The truth is, most persons, not excepting professional economists, are satisfied with very hazy notions." (Fisher)

In marked contrast, theoretical economics lives up to the standards of material and formal consistency. A scientific theory is the best mental representation of reality that is humanly possible.

Theory starts with a set of objective and consistent axioms.

Paradigm Shift

"The problem is not just to say that something might be wrong, but to replace it by something — and that is not so easy." (Feynman)

"As will become evident, there is more agreement on the defects of orthodox theory than there is on what theory is to replace it: but all agreed that the point of the criticism is to clear the ground for construction." (Nell)

"The moral of the story is simply this: it takes a new theory, and not just the destructive exposure of assumptions or the collection of new facts, to beat an old theory." (Blaug)

"Is it not a fact, which stares at us from the histories of all sciences, that it is much more difficult for the human mind to forge the most elementary conceptual schemes than it is to elaborate the most complicated superstructure when those elements are well in hand?" (Schumpeter)

"The task of producing knowledge against the grain requires imagination." (Mirowski)

"A new idea is extremely difficult to think of. It takes a fantastic imagination." (Feynman)

"The scientific imagination dreams of explanations and laws." (Peirce)

"It is brilliance of imagination which makes the glory of science." (Evans)

"... we know little more now about ‘how the economy works,’ ... than we knew in 1790, after Adam Smith completed the last revision of The Wealth of Nations." (Clower)

Selftest and to watch for

You apply one of these items

• supply-demand-equilibrium,

• general equilibrium,

• marginal utility,

• well-behaved production functions,

• total income = value of output,

• total income = wages + profits,

• I=S,

• wage rate down - employment up,

• behavioral axioms?

Then you are out of science because of unnoticed material or formal inconsistency.

Every economist who uses the concept of equilibrium is scientifically incompetent because she/he failed to notice that equilibrium is an economic nonentity.

Practically this means: as soon as the word equilibrium appears in an economic text it can be thrown into the waste basket. The same holds for all other nonentities.

The vast majority of economists deals mainly with nonentities. This is why Walrasianism, Keynesianism, Marxianism, Austrianism is scientifically worthless.

Since Adam Smith, economic policy guidance has no sound scientific foundations.

To be replaced (1)

The core premises of Orthodoxy are uncertain and false and this fully explains the failure of the research program.

“As with any Lakatosian research program, the neo-Walrasian program is characterized by its hard core, heuristics, and protective belts. Without asserting that the following characterization is definitive, I have argued that the program is organized around the following propositions: HC1 economic agents have preferences over outcomes; HC2 agents individually optimize subject to constraints; HC3 agent choice is manifest in interrelated markets; HC4 agents have full relevant knowledge; HC5 observable outcomes are coordinated, and must be discussed with reference to equilibrium states.” (Weintraub)

The inescapable Paradigm Shift consists of the move from this obsolete hard core to the superior set of structural axioms.

To be replaced (2)

The fundamental equations of macroeconomics have been formulated by Keynes in two lines.

"Income = value of output = consumption + investment. Saving = income - consumption. Therefore saving = investment."

This elementary syllogism is demonstrably false. The demonstration consists in the proof that Keynes could not solve the Profit Puzzle. Neither did Post-Neo-New-Keynesians.

In the most general terms, the economics Paradigm Shift consists in switching from the behavior-centric bottom-up approach to the structure-centric top-down approach. This is comparable to the Copernican turn from geo-centrism to helio-centrism.

Consensus

Economics is a science without scientists. Because they are ignorant of the elementary difference between profit and income, the present generation of economists has not made and cannot make a significant contribution to the discussion about how the actual economy works.

Every orthodox or heterodox economist can convince himself/herself that their profit theory is defective.

Every non-economist can — by applying elementary logic — convince himself that conventional profit theories are false. See 'How the intelligent non-economist can refute every economist hands down'.

Because the profit theory is false the whole of conventional economic theory has to be rejected.

"What is now taught as standard economic theory will eventually disappear, no trace of it will remain in the universities or boardrooms because it simply doesn’t work: were it engineering, the bridge would collapse." (McCauley)

No scientist will ever accept Walrasianism, Keynesianism, Marxianism, or Austrianism. These approaches are logically and/or empirically refuted. This is the actual methodological state-of-art. Walrasians, Keynesians, Marxians, or Austrians are still at the proto-scientific stage. These approaches cannot be improved, only abandoned.

Economists are a public nuisance because they have an opinion on everything but knowledge of nothing.

About me

“Bottom line is that your profit law is just a definition you made up nobody else agrees with, nobody. You are all alone with your precious tautology.” Barkley Rosser

“In any event, your entire theory is based on you doing macro accounting in wacky fashion that nobody agrees with.” Brian Romanchuk

"Your stuff is at least original: it's quite cool after a couple of decades at this to see a fresh Economics. But real promises are not advanced: they were around for millennia until the Greeks obscured them with Metaphysics." Chris Cook

"No mate, they're you-blockers. You have all the personality traits of a crank, and the rest of them have tired of you. You could be 100% right, and you'd still die as your only follower." Steve Keen

"What you are doing fills is all with joy, your constructive critique is most welcome!"

Achim Truger,

German Council of Economic Experts,

in a failed attempt to be ironic

"200+ years of thought and yet you are the only one who gets it—or even understands your argument. Thank god we have you, pseudonymous Twitter user. Otherwise no one would know."

William Luther

Assistant Professor of Economics

in a failed attempt to be funny

"Egmonts profit law is the perfect equation that demonstrates this in action. Put the equation into a spreadsheet and then add government spending and watch how it flows into profits. Enter in some debt (-Sm) and watch too how that flows into profits. It can't go anywhere else."

Dean

About the rest of economics

Walrasianism, Keynesianism, Marxianism, Austrianism, MMT, Pluralism are mutually contradictory, axiomatically false, materially/ formally inconsistent. Economics is a failed science.

“There are three classes of people: those who see. Those who see when they are shown. Those who do not see.” Leonardo da Vinci

In economics, the overwhelming majority belongs to Class III. This explains why economics is after 200+ years still at the proto-scientific level.

The obvious task for every economist is to advance from cargo cult science and political agenda-pushing to science. This is absolutely beyond the means of Class III people.

For 200+ years now, economists are not scientists but agenda pushers, useful idiots, clowns in the political Circus Maximus.

Nopopop

This blog does not add to any popular/un- popular opinion.

This blog does not hand out advice about how to avoid taxes, to get rich on the stock market, to be successful in business, to increase the wealth of nations, to run an economy, to maximize welfare, to prevent national/global bankruptcy, to improve the institutional setup of society, to get out of national/global depression, nor about how to save humankind or any subgroup thereof.

This blog is about the true theory of the actual monetary economy.

"In order to tell the politicians and practitioners something about causes and best means, the economist needs the true theory or else he has not much more to offer than educated common sense or his personal opinion." (Stigum)

Focus

Science is of primary interest and importance. Scientists are of secondary interest.

With regard to science, most people lose focus easily because of a natural preference for anecdotes and gossip over facts or subjectivity over objectivity.

Hence, Schumpeter once considered it necessary to remind his habitually disoriented fellow economists: “Remember: occasionally, it may be an interesting question to ask why a man says what he says; but whatever the answer, it does not tell us anything about whether what he says is true or false.”

Science is about true/false and nothing else.

Disclaimer

Missing Blog-Reference links: AXEC does not guarantee that their comments can at any time be recovered from where they have been posted intitially because the availability depends on the publication policy of the blog owner which is implicitly accepted on entering a debate. See also: 'Economists: Incompetent? Stupid? Corrupt?'

Texts: Parts of arbitrary length of any of the author's texts is and will be used again by the author in papers, books, websites, blogs, and other media without explicit reference. The right to make corrections or minor textual improvements on reutilization is reserved. Therefore, it is always a good idea to double-check for the latest version.

Caution: Do not expect a corroboration of your political view. Neither a refutation. Political economics has been scientifically worthless since Adam Smith. Politics has to be separated from economics because it is categorically different from science. The best science can do and has always done is to prove beyond reasonable doubt that you have been objectively wrong or ignorant until now. Science goes beyond the naive common sense of today and becomes the sophisticated common sense of tomorrow.

See also Terms of Use and Legal at www.AXEC.org

Outlook

To recall, while political economics is storytelling, theoretical economics adheres to scientific standards.

The first task of theoretical economics is to get the axiomatic foundations right. This is what J. S. Mill called the opus magnum. Neither Orthodoxy nor Heterodoxy came up with a reasonable solution to this day. This explains the secular stagnation of economics.

There is no serious alternative to structural axiomatic economics. This is not a matter of opinion but of proof. The sole criteria are material and formal consistency.

All of economics has to be reconstructed from the ground up.

Major economic policy implication

The price mechanism does not work as standard economics hypothesizes. The axiom-based Employment Law states that overall employment increases if the average wage rate increases relative to average price and productivity. This gives one the lever to improve the employment situation all over the world and to fend off deflation without rising debt and without artificial capacity growth. To increase the average price relative to the average wage rate and productivity increases unemployment.

Right policy depends on true theory.

“In order to tell the politicians and practitioners something about causes and best means, the economist needs the true theory or else he has not much more to offer than educated common sense or his personal opinion.” (Stigum)

Lacking the true theory, economists promote for more than 200 years opinion instead of knowledge.