March 9, 2012

Zur axiomatischen Einheit von Kreislauf, Geld, Preis, und Verteilungstheorie (The Axiomatic Unity of Circuit, Money, Price and Distribution) {28}


Abstract This contribution to the Festschrift in memoriam of Karl Brandt and Alfred E. Ott establishes the axiomatic unity of circuit, money, price and distribution theory. From the history of economic methodology and from actual practice follows: one cannot not axiomatize. The crucial question is not axiomatization per se but the real world content of axioms which is not guaranteed by simply applying the method. Axioms can be empirically vacuous. This holds for the behavioral axioms of standard economics. In marked contrast, all structural axiomatic variables are measurable in principle. No metaphysical concepts like equilibrium are put into the premises.

March 2, 2012

Income Distribution, Profit, and Real Shares {27}


This paper clarifies first the nature and significance of monetary profit by applying the structural axiom set as a consistent point of departure. As a crucial result, the fundamental theorem of income distribution emerges. It states: profit is no factor income. Since the individual firm is blind to this structural fact it subjectively interprets profit as some kind of reward. As a matter of fact, firms do not ‘make’ profit, they only redistribute it among themselves. With profit consistently defined it is possible to determine the nominal and real shares of the elementary income categories wage income and distributed profit.